| ft = | P / A (tension) | [1.3.2(a)] |
| fc = | P / A (compression) | [1.3.2(b)] |
| fb = | My / I = M / Z (bending) | [1.3.2(c)] |
| fs = | S / A (average direct shear stress) | [1.3.2(d)] |
| fx = | SQ / Ib (longitudinal or transverse shear stress) | [1.3.2(e)] |
| fx = | Ty / Ip (shear stress in round tubes due to torsion) | [1.3.2(f)] |
| fs = | (T/2At) (shear stress due to torsion in thin-walled structures of closed section. Note that A is the area enclosed by the median line of the section.) | [1.3.2(g)] |
| fA = | BfH ; fT = BfL (axial and tangential stresses, where B = biaxial ratio) | [1.3.2(h)] |
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