3.4.1

Expansion and contraction due to changes in temperature of the members and elements of a structure shall be considered and adequate provision made for such effect.

3.4.2

The temperature range varies for different localities and under different diurnal and seasonal conditions. The absolute maximum and minimum temperatures, which may be expected in different localities of the country, may be obtained from the Indian Metrological Department and used in assessing the maximum variations of temperature for which provision for expansion and contraction has to be made in the structure.

3.4.3

The range of variation in temperature of the building materials may be appreciably greater or lesser than the variation of air temperature and is influenced by the condition of exposure and the rate at which the materials composing the structure absorb or radiate heat. This difference in temperature variations of the material and air shall be given due consideration. The effect of differential temperature within an element or member, due to part exposure to direct sunlight shall also be considered.

3.4.4

The co-efficient of thermal expansion for steel is as given in 2.2.4.1(e).