4symbols

For the purpose of this standard, the following letter symbols shall have the meaning indicated against each; where other symbols are used, they are explained at the appropriate place:

9",

of soil

Calculated maximum bearing pressure

• r - Radius
• s - Spacing of stirrups or standard deviation
• T - Torsional moment
• t - Wall thickness
• V - Shear force
• W - Total load
• WL - Wind load
• $w \quad$ - Distributed load per unit area
• $w_{\mathrm{d}} \quad$ - Distributed dead load per unit area
• $w_{\mathrm{i}} \quad$ - Distributed imposed load per unit area
• x - Depth of neutral axis
• $\begin{aligned} x & -\text { Depth of } \\ z & -\text { Modulus c } \\ \tau & -\text { Lever arm } \\ \alpha, \beta & -\text { Angle or } \end{aligned}$
• Modulus of section
• α, β - Angle or ratio
• $\gamma_{\mathrm{f}}$ - Partial safety factor for load

$\gamma_{\mathrm{m}}$ - Partial safety factor for material

$\delta_{m}$

• Percentage reduction in moment
• Creep strain of concrete
• $f_{\mathrm{chc}}$ - Permissible stress in concrete in bending compression
• Permissible stress in concrete in direct compression
• $\sigma_{m c}$ - Permissible stress in metal in direct compression
• Permissible stress in steel in compression
• Permissible stress in steel in tension
• Permissible tensile stress in shear reinforcement
• Design bond stress
• – Shear stress in concrete
• $\tau_{\mathrm{c}, \max }$ - Maximum shear stress in concrete with shear reinforcement
• Nominal shear stress
• Φ - Diameter of bar